一篇你不可錯(cuò)過的托?？荚嚮仡?br/> 　　1,、托福閱讀（含加試）
　　How do birds cool body? (舊）
　　鳥類雖然全身羽毛且沒有汗腺，但是它們有非常高效的機(jī)制幫助身體進(jìn)行散熱,。
　　參考閱讀：
　　Birds do not have sweat glands. To lose heat, they depend upon evaporation of water from the surfaces of their lungs and air sacs. Evaporation turns liquid water into vapour. The rate of evaporation increases withhigher temperatures.
　　Panting is a sure sign birds are affected by heat.Panting increases the passage of air through the system, increases evaporation from the lungs and lowers temperature.
　　The Rise of Maya (新)
　　瑪雅文明是一個(gè)從早期的森林部落發(fā)展成龐大的以宗教建筑為中心的城市,。科學(xué)家以前的認(rèn)知是這是一個(gè)沒有明確統(tǒng)治者的和平部族,，但在破解其大型建筑石壁上的象形文字后發(fā)現(xiàn)書寫的是一個(gè)好戰(zhàn)的統(tǒng)治者的戰(zhàn)績(jī),。
　　參考閱讀：
　　A hundred and fifty years of painstaking archaeological inquiry allows us today to understand how the Maya emerged to transform the rain forest of Central America into a scene of urban civilization. By 1000 B.C. the Maya were settLED agriculturalists growing a variety of crops in clearings in the forest, which they turned into villages. They appear to have lived in a society of equals, without clear rulers or ceremonial centers. Then between 800 and 500 B.C. signs of a ruling elite within Maya society start to emerge in the form of elaborate burial monuments.
　　考題回憶：
　　A hundred and fifty years of painstaking archaeological inquiry allows us today to understand how the Maya emerged to transform the rain forest of Central America into a scene of urban civilization.
　　詞匯題：
　　painstaking
　　A. thorough B. considerable
　　Destruction of Coral Reefs (舊)
　　全球的珊瑚礁都在面臨巨大的威脅。海邊的漁民的過渡捕撈,、全球溫室效應(yīng)等問題都在加劇珊瑚礁的惡化,。珊瑚的白化過程在一定條件下可以逆轉(zhuǎn),，但是如果海水溫度持續(xù)上升,，可能導(dǎo)致珊瑚礁的徹底死亡。
　　參考閱讀：
　　One of the longest and largest studies of coral reef health ever undertaken finds that corals are declining worldwide because a variety of threats — overfishing, nutrient pollution and pathogenic disease — that ultimately become deadly in the face of higher ocean temperatures.
　　The Idea of Continental Drift (舊)
　　德國(guó)科學(xué)家Alfred Wegener在提出大陸漂移假設(shè)后,，大部分地質(zhì)學(xué)家嗤之以鼻,。但是在后續(xù)的研究，特別是海洋和火山研究中,，科學(xué)家不僅證實(shí)了這個(gè)理論也發(fā)現(xiàn)了海底擴(kuò)張的現(xiàn)象,。
　　參考閱讀：
　　A German scientist named Alfred Wegener took notice of some interesting findings. Similar plant and animal fossils were found in both Africa and South America and on other continents separated by oceans. Similar rock formations were also found on distant continents. This suggested that the formations were once whole and later divided.In 1915, Wegener proposed his continental drift theory.
　　2托福聽力（小Section 大Section）
　　一個(gè)對(duì)話：
　　選課沖突,，結(jié)果想去和教授說換遠(yuǎn)程課，教授說了遠(yuǎn)程課的缺點(diǎn)（這里一定考多選,，因?yàn)楹芏嗖⒘嘘P(guān)系）,，然后建議independent study。
　　一個(gè)講課：
　　從美國(guó)談到二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)人的theatre娛樂,，legitimate theatre和popular theatre以及為什么美國(guó)人可以在娛樂上大筆投入的原因,。
　　第二個(gè)對(duì)話：
　　出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，置換學(xué)分
　　第三個(gè)講課：
　　城市熱島效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因：摩天大樓,、狹窄街道,、周圍海洋氣候等。
　　第四個(gè)講課：
　　未回憶
　　3托?？谡Z(yǔ)
　　Task 1
　　Your university is going to have some important lectures filmed and then upload the recording on the school website for students to watch later. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
　　Task 2
　　有人提議每個(gè)大四學(xué)生應(yīng)該做一個(gè)公開的thesis presentation,，可以讓低水平學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)并提供更多thesis的素材，但是對(duì)話中男生反對(duì),，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校官網(wǎng)已經(jīng)有足夠的學(xué)習(xí)資料了,，且看到的只是表象，論文背后的邏輯the big picture是看不到的,，所以無用,。
　　Task 3
　　Misinformation Effect：被人誤導(dǎo)后會(huì)產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)覺。例子：被實(shí)驗(yàn)者看錄像：幾個(gè)人去grocery store買東西,，其中一人付錢,。誤導(dǎo)問題：那個(gè)付錢的人是不是有大胡子moustache，其實(shí)這幾個(gè)人都沒有大胡子,，但是被實(shí)驗(yàn)者都說付錢的那個(gè)人有胡子,。
　　參考閱讀：
　　The misinformation effect refers to the tendency for post-event information to interfere with the memory of the original event. Researchers have shown that the introduction of even relatively subtle information following an event can have a dramatic effect on how people remember. The misinformation effect can lead to inaccurate memories and, in some cases, even result in the formation of false memories.
　　Task 4
　　動(dòng)物從大陸遷徙到海島上后會(huì)出現(xiàn)的適應(yīng)性變化，① 性格變得calming,，因?yàn)閸u上沒有predator,，所以他們的fearing instinct會(huì)lessen，————終都不怕人靠近了,，舉了一種lizard的例子（有專有名詞,，題目中會(huì)給出）；② 體型會(huì)變大,，因?yàn)楹u食物缺乏,，所以更大體型會(huì)幫助短期儲(chǔ)存大量能源慢慢消化，舉了大型烏龜tortoise的例子,。
　　4
　　托福寫作
　　Task 1
　　閱讀觀點(diǎn)：
　　一千五百萬年前的某個(gè)時(shí)期,，Antarctica的氣溫應(yīng)該比現(xiàn)在高十多度，因?yàn)棰侔l(fā)現(xiàn)了兩種樹的pollen grain，而這些樹不能再很冷的環(huán)境下生存,；② 二氧化碳含量應(yīng)該很高因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候到處都是火山爆發(fā),，會(huì)釋放溫室氣體；③ 植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)且量大,，一般只有在rainfall后才會(huì)出現(xiàn),，二有rainfall說明氣溫那時(shí)候不低。
　　聽力反駁：
　?、?pollen grain很輕,，可以飄很遠(yuǎn)或者在海面上float很久，所以這些pollen grain可能不是當(dāng)?shù)氐模?br/> 　?、?科學(xué)研究證明那個(gè)時(shí)候的二氧化碳含量實(shí)際比現(xiàn)在低,；
　　③ 植物吸收這種物質(zhì)的能力不一樣,，有些植物的caPACity to absorb的能力很強(qiáng),，所以這些植物的殘留不足以證明當(dāng)時(shí)有大量rainfall。
　　Task 2
　　If you must choose a course provided by two professors. With the limited information given, who would you choose and why?
　?、?A professor who was voted most popular by survey
　?、贏 professor who was just awarded for his outstanding research
　　1. 閱讀和聽力的材料難度不大，但是試題陷阱很多,，命題官會(huì)把干擾項(xiàng)出的相當(dāng)?shù)筱@,。如果按照先看題定位再看選項(xiàng)并回原文做定位排除的方拖延時(shí)間，而且先看選項(xiàng)會(huì)有先入為主的錯(cuò)覺,，容易中招,。
　　2. 寫作口語(yǔ)和TPO難度變化不大。
　　3. 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)真的很嘈雜,，由于開機(jī)時(shí)間差和是否聽或者看完整Direction都可以控制節(jié)奏,，所以聽力、口語(yǔ)和寫作都會(huì)受干擾,，如果不做抗干擾環(huán)境干擾的仿真?？迹状慰荚嚳赡軙?huì)很不適應(yīng),。所以一定要?？迹欢ㄒ,？?，一定要模考,！